Fig. 4

The pictures above show graphical renderings from all four training modules of the implant insertion simulator. All relevant physical effects are simulated in real time including the fluid dynamics of blood, supra choroidal fluids, and vitreous, the elastic instrument interaction with the sclera tissue, the ablation effects of the laser, and the dissection of sclera and pars plana tissue. The pictures also illustrate some of the VR guidance elements that instruct the user during training. During scleral dissection, a heads-up display (HUD) shows a profile illustrating the cut depth and length (top-left picture). During pars plana ablation, a heat map can be shown either in the periphery of the field-of-view (top-right picture) or directly over the pars plana tissue (see Fig. 5). During pars plana incision, a cross section of the supra-temporal eye quadrant illustrates the penetration depth and angle of the slit knife and its proximity to intra-ocular structures (bottom-left picture)