Table 3 (abstract A9). Example of BARS for the FM element “Preview”

· Off-putting words, threatening language

· No preview or signal of topic change

· Points out or “calls out” individuals in an unwelcome way

· Misleading preview

· Includes assumptions or inferences

· Includes a judgment (may be hidden), or an assessment of performance

· Orients the listener to topic/Describes the topic/Signals a change of topic

· Uses simple, clear terms appropriate to listeners

· Is a neutral statement, does not evaluate performance

· Specific: might address who/what/when/where

· Seeks permission/Invites to discuss

· Is parsimonious, as concise as possible