Table 1 LactSim OSCE cases used in pilot study

Chief complaint: Breast heaviness and not enough milk

Chief complaint: Not enough milk

Materials: LSM, newborn baby doll, spoon for colostrum collection

Materials: LSM, breast pump

Clinician’s learning objectives

1. Perform a breast exam to identify engorgement, plugged ducts, and nipple anatomical variations that explain the patient’s presentation and chief complaint

2. Teach at least 2 massage techniques for engorgement

3. Describe in layman’s terms the physiology of engorgement

4. Discuss strategies to manage engorgement

5. Hand express ½ teaspoon of colostrum into spoon

6. Observe the patient hand express ½ teaspoon of colostrum

7. Teach “cross-cradle” asymmetric latch position on the right

8. Discuss infant weight loss significance and feeding options (supplementation)

Clinician’s learning objectives

1. Assess patient’s goals for breast milk production and infant feeding

2. Provide strategies for increasing milk production

3. Perform breast exam

4. Assemble a breast pump

5. Identify correct flange size for both breasts

6. Demonstrate hands-on-pumping massage techniques

7. Observe the mother assembling the pump and performing hands-on-pumping

8. Describe 2 ways to promote efficient pumping

9. Describe milk storage conditions